ترجمة وتحليل الكلمات عن طريق الذكاء الاصطناعي ChatGPT
في هذه الصفحة يمكنك الحصول على تحليل مفصل لكلمة أو عبارة باستخدام أفضل تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي المتوفرة اليوم:
- كيف يتم استخدام الكلمة في اللغة
- تردد الكلمة
- ما إذا كانت الكلمة تستخدم في كثير من الأحيان في اللغة المنطوقة أو المكتوبة
- خيارات الترجمة إلى الروسية أو الإسبانية، على التوالي
- أمثلة على استخدام الكلمة (عدة عبارات مع الترجمة)
- أصل الكلمة
%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف
![Alphabet in [[Visigothic script]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlfabetoVisigodo.png?width=200 "Alphabet in [[Visigothic script]]")
![A page in [[Carolingian minuscule]] (''[[Book of Exodus]]'')](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charlemagne miniscule.jpg?width=200 "A page in [[Carolingian minuscule]] (''[[Book of Exodus]]'')")
![Page from the [[Magdeburg]]'s ''Chronica archiepiscoporum''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chronica archiepiscoporum Magdeburgensium 1r 25-C-4 (16764) Hs Kynžvart 91.jpg?width=200 "Page from the [[Magdeburg]]'s ''Chronica archiepiscoporum''")
![Section of the [[Codex Alexandrinus]], the oldest Greek witness of the Byzantine text in the [[gospel]]s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Codex Alexandrinus 1 Tim 3,16.jpg?width=200 "Section of the [[Codex Alexandrinus]], the oldest Greek witness of the Byzantine text in the [[gospel]]s.")
![[[Greek minuscule]], 15th-century manuscript of [[Aristotle]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Greek manuscript minuscule Aristotle.png?width=200 "[[Greek minuscule]], 15th-century manuscript of [[Aristotle]].")
![Greek papyrus with [[Homer]]'s verses, 1st century BC](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/HARRIS HOMER - 1st CENTURY B.C..JPG?width=200 "Greek papyrus with [[Homer]]'s verses, 1st century BC")
 from 1472.jpg?width=200 "contribution-url = https://www.academia.edu/1282360/Das_Bozner_Stadtbuch_Handschrift_140_das_Amts-_und_Privilegienbuch_der_Stadt_Bozen }}</ref>")
![Table showing the [[Mandaic alphabet]] (Abagada) with some of the mysteries represented by the letters](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mandaic Alphabet.jpg?width=200 "Table showing the [[Mandaic alphabet]] (Abagada) with some of the mysteries represented by the letters")
![8th-century [[Merovingian script]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Merov.jpg?width=200 "8th-century [[Merovingian script]]")
![Handwriting by [[Niccolò de' Niccoli]] (1364–1437), which served as the origin of [[italic type]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Niccolo de Niccoli italic handwriting.jpg?width=200 "Handwriting by [[Niccolò de' Niccoli]] (1364–1437), which served as the origin of [[italic type]].")
![A 10th-century [[codex]] of ''Origo gentis Langobardorum'' from [[Reims]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Origo gentis Langobardorum.jpg?width=200 "A 10th-century [[codex]] of ''Origo gentis Langobardorum'' from [[Reims]]")
![coronis]] symbol to mark the end.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/P.Berol. inv. 9875 col. v coronis.jpg?width=200 "coronis]] symbol to mark the end.")
![Variants of [[paragraphos]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paragraphos.png?width=200 "Variants of [[paragraphos]]")
![[[Rigveda]] manuscript in [[Devanāgarī]] (early 19th century)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rigveda MS2097.jpg?width=200 "[[Rigveda]] manuscript in [[Devanāgarī]] (early 19th century)")
![Folio14 [[recto]] of the [[Vergilius Romanus]] written in [[rustic capitals]], also contains an author portrait of [[Virgil]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg?width=200 "Folio14 [[recto]] of the [[Vergilius Romanus]] written in [[rustic capitals]], also contains an author portrait of [[Virgil]].")
![The [[Derveni Papyrus]], a Greek Macedonian philosophical text dating around 340 BC, considered Europe's oldest manuscript](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Derveni Papyrus.jpg?width=200 "The [[Derveni Papyrus]], a Greek Macedonian philosophical text dating around 340 BC, considered Europe's oldest manuscript")
![Troy VIIb layer]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Troy VIIb hieroglyphic seal reverse.png?width=200 "Troy VIIb layer]]")
![Paper strip with writing in [[Kharoṣṭhī]], 2nd–5th century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/YingpanKharoshthi.jpg?width=200 "Paper strip with writing in [[Kharoṣṭhī]], 2nd–5th century")
ويكيبيديا
Palaeography (UK) or paleography (US; ultimately from Greek: παλαιός, palaiós, "old", and γράφειν, gráphein, "to write") is the study of historic writing systems and the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts, including the analysis of historic handwriting. It is concerned with the forms and processes of writing; not the textual content of documents. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of scriptoria.
The discipline is one of the auxiliary sciences of history. It is important for understanding, authenticating, and dating historic texts. However, it generally cannot be used to pinpoint dates with high precision.
